National
Ocean Service. 1988. Automated Wreck and Obstruction Information System,
Upper East Coast. Rockville, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
National
Research Council. 1985. Oils in the sea: Inputs, fates, and effects.
Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
National
Toxics Campaign Fund. 1990. Boston Harbor cleanup: who should pay?.
Neff, J. M. 1990. Composition and fate of petroleum and spill-treating
agents in the marine environment. In Sea mammals and oil: Confronting
the risks. Edited by J.R. Geraci and D.J. St. Aubin. San Diego: Academic
Press.
Nelson,
G.A., and M.R. Ross. undated. The population dynamics of Sand Lance
(Ammodytes dubius) in the Northwest Atlantic. I. Abundance and distribution.
U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service. Contract
43EANF732522.
Nemoto,
T. 1970. Feeding patterns of baleen whales in the oceans. In Marine
food chains. Edited by J.H. Steele. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
Nemoto,
T., and A. Kawamura. 1977. Characterisitics of food habits and distribution
of baleen whales with special reference to the abundance of North Pacific
sei and BrydeÍs whales. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn(special issue 1): 80-87.
New England
Fishery Management Council. 1991. Commercial Fisheries News 19(2): New
England Fishery Management Council, National Marine Fisheries Service,
and Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council. 1983, 1986, 1987, 1989.
American lobster fishery management plan and amendments 1, 2, 3.
New England
Fishery Mangement Council. 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989. Atlantic Sea
Scallops fishery management plan and amendments 1, 2, 3.
Newcombe,
A., M.T. Weinrich, and M.R. Schilling. 1991. Nursing behavior of Humpback
whale calves: Do males need more milk. In Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial
Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals.
Nicholas,
J.R. 1994. A sighting of anomalous colored white-sided dolphin in the
waters off southern New England. NOAA-NMFS, NEFSC Lab. Ref. Doc. 94-.
Nicolas,J.,
I. Seipt, and M. Weinrich. 1992. Sightings and descriptions of anomalously-colored
Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) from New England
waters.
Nicolas,
J.R. 1993. Summarized results of two necropsy sessions of Harbor Porpoise,
Phocoena phocoeana, incidentally taken during commercial fishing operations
in the Gulf of Maine. NOAA-NMFS, NEFSC Lab. Ref. Doc. 93-26.
Nicolas,J.R.,
G. Early, M. Haebler, W. McLellen, D. Potter, C. Potter, A. Read, and
S. Rommel. Forthcoming. Summerized results of a necropsy session on
harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) incidentally taken during commercial
fishing operations within the
Nisbet,
I. 1989. The roseate tern. Audubon Wildlife Report 1989/1990. 478-497.National
Audubon Society, New York, NY.
NMFS/URI/NEA/CCS/WHOI
Cooperative Right Whale Research Program. 1987. Integrated program for
research on the northern right whale off the eastern United States.
Northridge, S. 1993. Preliminary results of a GIS-aided mapping study
of harbor porpoises and fish distributions in the Gulf of Maine. NOAA/National
Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center Ref. Doc.
94-09.
O'Bannon,
B., ed. 1988. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Current
Fishery Statistics. In Fisheries of the United States, 1987. No. 8700
Ocean
Surveys, Inc. 1994. Pre-disposal surveys Cape Cod disposal site Cape
Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Final report to the Massachusetts Executive
Office of Environmental Affairs, Department of Environmental Management.
OS Report #94ES024F.
Odell,
D.K. 1987. The mystery of marine mammal strandings. Cetus(Fall): 2-6.
Officer,
C., R. Biggs, J. Taft, L. Cronin, M. Tyler , and W. Boynton. 1984. Chesapeake
Bay anoxia: origin, development and significance.. Science 223: 22-27.
Oldale,
R.N., and J. Bick. 1987. Maps and seismic profiles showing geology on
the inner continental shelf, Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts. Miscellaneous
field studies map MF-1923. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.
Olesiuk,
P.K., M.A. Bigg, and G.M. Ellis. Life history and population dynamics
of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the coastal waters of British
Columbia and Washington State. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn(special issue 12):
209-242.
Olsen,
L. 1984. The effects of contaminated sediments on fish and wildlife:
review and annotated bibliography. 103 pp.Prepared for the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. NTIS No. PB84-231844.
Oulasvirta,
P., and H. Lehtonen. 1988. Effects of sand extraction on Herring spawning
and fishing in the Gulf of Finland. Marine Pollution Bulletin 19(8):
383-386.
Outer
Continental Shelf Policy Committee. 1993. U.S. Outer Continental Shelf
Sand and Gravel Resources: Programs, Issues and Recommendations. by
Subcommittee on OCS Sand and Gravel Resources.
Overholtz,
W.J., and G.T. Waring. 1991. Diet composition of pilot whales, (Globicephala
spp.), and common dolphin, (Delphinus delphis), in the mid-Atlantic
Bight during spring 1989. Fish. Bull. US 89: 723-728.
Overholtz,W.J.,
and J.R. Nicolas. 1979. Apparent feeding by the fin whale, Balaenoptera
physalus, and the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, on the American
sand lance, Ammodytes americanus, in the northwest Atlantic. Fish. Bull.
US 77(1): 285-287.
Oviatt,
C., A. Keller, P. Sampou, and L. Beatty. 1986. Patterns of productivity
during eutrophication: a mesocosm experiment. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
28: 69-80.
Packard,
R. 1982. Whale-watching off Cape Cod. July 25: New York Times.
Palka,
D., and D. Potter. Cruise report of the Atlantic harbor porpoise survey
1991. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Lab. Ref. Doc.
Palka,
D., ed. 1994. Results of a scientific workshop to evaluate the status
of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the western North Atlantic.
Woods Hole: NMFS/NEFSC. NEFSC Ref. Doc. No. 94-09.
Palka,
D.l. 1992. Abundance estimates of Gulf of Maine Harbor Porpoise. Rep.
Int. Whal. Commn. 44: (SM24)
Palka,
D.L. 1993. The presence of ship avoidance during a line transect survey
of harbor porpoise in the Gulf of Maine. In Proceedings of the Tenth
Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals.
Palka,
D.L., and T.D. Smith. 1991. Line transect surveys used to describe ship
avoidance of Harbor Porpoise in the Gulf of Maine. In Proceedings of
the Ninth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals.
Palsboll,
P.J., P.J. Clapham, D.K. Mattila, F. Larsen, R. Sears, H.R. Siegismund,
J. Sigurjonsson, O. Vasquez, and P. Arctander. Forthcoming. Evolution
of high-latitude feeding aggregations of Humpback whales, Megaptera
novaeangliae, in the North Atlantic
Parker,
J. 1974. Phytoplankton primary productivity in Massachusetts Bay. Ph.D.
dissertation, University of New Hampshire.
Patev,
P.V.. 1987. Area specific surface feeding of humpback whales in the
Stellwagen Bank. Unpublished report to J.C. Johoda, Ph.D. at Bridgewater
State College.
Payne,
M., and L.A. Selzer. 1986. Marine mammals, seabirds and marine turtles
in the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay with special emphasis on
the locations of the foul-area dumpsite (FADS) and the Cape Arundel
dumpsite (CADS). Manomet Bird Observatory
Payne,
M., and L. Selzer. 1989. The distribution, abundance and selected prey
of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor, in southern New England.
Mar. Mam. Sci. 5(2): 173-192.
Payne,
M., D. Wiley, S. Young, S. Pittman, P. Clapham, and J. Jossi. 1990.
Recent fluctuations in the abundance of baleen whales in the southern
Gulf of Maine in relation to changes in selected prey. Fish. Bull. US
88 (4): 687-696.
Payne,
P., J. Nicolas, L. O'Brien, and K. Powers. 1986. The distribution of
the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, on Georges Bank and in the
Gulf of Maine in relation to densities of the sand eel, Ammodytes americanus.
Fish. Bull., U.S 84: 271-277.
Payne,
P., K. Powers, and J. Bird. 1983. Opportunistic feeding on whale fat
by Wilson's storm-petrels in the western North Atlantic. Wils. Bull.
95: 478-479.
Payne,
P.M. 1982. Harbor seals in Cape Cod Bay. Aquasphere J. of NEA. 16(2):
14-19.
Payne
P.M., and L.A. Selzer. The distribution, abundance and selected prey
of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor, in southern New England.
Marine Mammal Sciene 5(2): 173-192.
Payne,
P.M., and L.A. Selzer. 1983. Population distribution, abundance and
prey requirements of the harbor seal in southern New England. NMFS Contract
No. NA82FA00007.
Payne,
P.M., and L.A. Selzer eds. 1986. Distribution and abundance of rare
and endangered cetaceans and marine turtles in the Gulf of Maine and
adjacent waters: an overview. Subcontract No. DACW33-85-D-0002-0003
to Sanford Ecol. Inc. Natick.
Payne,
P. M., and L. A. Selzer, eds. 1986. Marine Mammals, Seabirds and Marine
Turtles in the Gulf of Maine and Massachusetts Bay with Special Emphasis
on the Locations of the Foul-Area Disposal Site and the Cape Arundel
Disposal Site. Contract DACW 33-85
Payne,
P. M. and L. A. Selzer, eds. 1987. Characterization of whale use of
the Massachusetts Bay and Cape Arundel, Maine areas. Final Rep. Subcontract
No DACW33-85-D-0002-003 to Sanford Ecol. Inc., Natick, MA, ACE, Waltham.
Payne,
P.M. and Schneider. 1984. Yearly changes in harbor seals at winter haul-out
sites in Massachusetts since 1972. Fish. Bull. 82: 440-442.
Payne
P.M., C.C. Rimme. 1982. Radio-telemetry of a rehabilitated harbor seal
during the winter 1982 with comments on movements and numbers of the
harbor seal in Massachusetts. NMFS Contract No. NA82FA00007 report.
Payne,
P.M., C. Coogan, F.W. Wenzel, Buchler, and Hamkin. 1991. Status and
assessment of the marine mammal and marine turtle species: An historical
and present overview. In Living Resources of Buzzards Bay. Edited by
J. Costa . Boston: Buzzards Bay Proje
Payne,
P. M., D. N. Wiley, S. B. Young, S. Pittman, P. J. Clapham, and J. W.
Jossi. 1990. Recent fluctuations in the abundance of Baleen whales in
the Southern Gulf of Maine in relation to changes in selected prey.
Fishery Bulletin.
Payne,
P.M., D.W. Heinemann, T.D. Smith. 1990. Seasonal distribution of minke
whales in the shelf and shelf-edge waters of the northeastern US. Paper
SC/42/NHMi32 presented to the IWC Scientific Committee, June 1990. Unpublished.
Payne,P.M.,
G. Power, and C.T. Yustin. 1990. Interactions between the New England
sink-gillnet fishery and the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena.
Payne,
P. M., J. R. Nicholas, L. O'Brien, and K. D. Powers. 1986. The Distribution
of the Humpback Whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, on Georges Bank and in
the Gulf of Maine in Relation to Densities of the Sand Eel, Ammodytes
americanus. Fish.Bull. 84:2: 271
Payne,
P.M., J.R. Nicolas, L. O'Brien, K.D. Powers. 1986. The distribution
of the humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) on Georges Bank and
in the Gulf of Maine in relation to densities of the sand eel (Ammodytes
americanus). Fish. Bull., US 84(2): 271
Payne,P.M.,
L.A. Selzer, A.T. Knowlton. 1984. Distribution and density of cetaceans,
marine turtles and seabirds in the shelf waters of the northeastern
United States, June 1980-December 1983, from shipboard observations.
Final Report, Natonal Marine Fish
Payne,
P.M., L.A. Selzer, Wham, and Whitman. 1985. The distribution, abundance
and selected prey of harbor seal in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
NMFS/NEFC Lab Ref Doc 85:15.
Pearce,
I. B. 1990. Contaminants in Living Resources of Stellwagen Bank - Resources
at Risk. Presented at Stellwagen Bank Conference, University of Massachusetts,
Boston Campus, April 26-27,1990.
Pearce,
J. 1990. Contaminants in living resources of Stellwagen Bank - resources
at risk?. In Proceedings of the Stellwagen Bank Conference, University
of Massachusetts, April 26-27, 1990.
Pearce,
J., C. Berman, Jr., and M. Rosen,eds. 1985. Annual NEMP report on the
health of the northeast coastal waters, 1982. NMFS-F/NEC-35:
Peddicord,
R. and V. MacFarland. 1978. Effects of suspended dredged material on
aquatic animals. Final report of the dredged material research program.
Vicksburg, MA: U.S. Army Waterways Exp. Sta.
Peddicord,
R. K., and V. A. McFarland. 1978. Effects of Suspended Dredged Material
on Aquatic Animals. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Technical Report D-78-29.
Perkins,
J., and D. Beamish. 1979. Net entanglements of baleen whales in the
inshore fishery of Newfoundland. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36: 521-528.
Perrin
W.F., and S.B. Reilly. 1984. Reproductive parameters of dolphins and
small whales of the family Delphinidae. Int. Whal. Commn(6): 97-133.
Perry,
E.A., A Storey, and D. renouf. 1993. The use of aquatic displays by
adult male harbour seals during the breeding season. In Abstracts of
the Tenth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. Galveston,
Texas, November 11-15.
Peterson,
James B. and David E. Putnam. 1992. Early Holocene occupation in the
Central Gulf of Maine region. In Early Holocene occupation in Northern
New England. Edited by B. S. Robinson, J. B. Peterson, and A.K. Robinson.
Occasional Publications in Main
Occasional
Publications in Maine Archaeology No. 9 Pett, Samuel and C. J. McKay.
1990. Part I: Technical Report on the Resources and Uses of Stellwagen
Bank. In The Resources and Uses of Stellwwagen Bank. Edited by Jack
H. Archer. Boston: Urban Harbors Institute, University of Massachusetts/Boston.
Phillips,
F. 1989. In reversal, agency OK's island ferry. January 10: The Boston
Globe.
Pierotti,
R. 1988. Associations between marine birds and mammals in the northwest
Atlantic ocean. In Seabirds and other marine vertebrates: competition,
predation and other interactions. Edited by J. Burger. 31-58.New York:
Columbia University Press.
Pitchford,T.D.,
R.A. Asmutis, D.N. Wiley, and D.P. Gannon. 1993. Strandings of the Humpback
Whale in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast Regions of the United States,
1985-1992. In Proceedings of the Tenth Biennial Conference on the Biology
of Marine Mammals.
Plante,
J. 1990a. ME aquaculture plan sets development strategy. June: 3B.Commercial
Fisheries News.
Plante,
J. 1990b. New bill challenges ME aquaculture laws. April: 12A.Commercial
Fisheries News.
Polacheck,
T. 1989. Harbor Porpoises and the Gillnet Fishery. Oceanus 32:1: 63-70.
Polacheck,
T., F.W. Wenzel. 1990. What do standing data say about harbor porpoise
(Phocoena phocoena).
Polacheck,
T., L. Thorpe. 1990. The swimming direction of harbor porpoise in relationship
to a survey vessel. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn 40: 463-470.
Post,
P. 1967. Manx, Audubon's, and little shearwaters in the northwestern
North Atlantic. Bird Banding 38: 278-305.
Potter,
D.C. 1991. Cruise report, R/V Abel-J. Northeast Fisheries Science Center,
Woods Hole.
Potter,
D.C., and D.L. Palka. Forthcoming. Cruise report of the 1991 aerial
Harbor Porpoise survey in the Gulf of Maine.
Potter,
D.C., D. Palka, A. Read, and J. Nicolas. 1993. A field study of the
spring migration and habitat use of Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
in the Penobscot Bay area of central Maine. In Proceedings of the Tenth
Biennial Conference on the Biology
Powers,
K. 1982. Georges Bank and marine birds. Bird Obs. E. Mass. 10: 243-247.
Powers,
K. D. 1983. Pelagic Distribution of Marine Birds Off the Northeastern
United States. Woods Hole, Massachusetts: NOAA Technical Memorandum
NMFS-F/NEC-27. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Marine
Prescott,
J. H., et al. 1980. East Coast/Gulf Coast Cetacean and Pinniped Research
Workshop. Marine Mammal Commission.
Prescott,
J. H., P. Fiorelli, G. Early, and P. J. Boyle. 1990. Marine mammal strandings:
the New England Aquarium Stranding Network. Final Report for MMC Contract
MM6AC015. NTIS PB90-259177.
Prescott,
J.H., P.M. Fiorelli. 1980. Review of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
in the U.S. northwest Atlantic. Final Report to the U.S. Marine Mammal
Commission NTIS PB80-176928. Unpublished.
Prescott,J.H.,
S.D. Kraus, P. Fiorelli, D.E. Gaskin, G.J.D. Smith, M. Brander. 1981.
Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) distribution, abundance, survey
methodology and preliminary notes on habitat use and threats. Final
Report to U.S.D.C., NOAA, National
Proulx,
J.P. 1986. Whaling in the North Atlantic: from earliest times to the
mid-19th century. Ottawa: Minister of the Environment.
Pruell,
R.J., R.A. McKinney, W.S. Boothman, D.J. Cobb, J.A. Livolri, R.D. Brown,
and F.S. Osterman. 1989. Contaminant concentrations in sediments from
the Foul Area Disposal Site in Massachusetts Bay. Report to EPA, Narragansett,
RI.
PTI Environmental
Services. 1987. Policy implications of effects-based marine sediment
criteria. Final Report. Prepared for American Management Systems, Inc.
and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Policy Analysis.
